Renal Medicine – Common Topics
Learn the Mnemonics 1. CKD – stages and eGFR, Urea, Creatinine 2. Dialysis 3. AKI- causes 4. AV Fistula 5. Renal Osteodystrophy 6. Nephrotic/Nephritic Syndrome 1. CKD (the progressive, irreversible deterioration in renal function) – what symptoms will you enquire about? · Urination · Oedema · Abdominal Pain · Eyesight · Pruritis (due to increased phosphate) · Breathless – anaemia/fluid retention and LVF · Fatigue is very prominent · Gout – urate · Stocking neuropathy via retention of beta-2 microglobulin The P’s – Pigmentation, Pruritus, Pulmonary Oedema, Peripheral Neuropathy, Painful big toe, Pericarditis, Parathyroid overactivity. BIG BEAN – Breathless, Itchy, Gout … Bone Pain, Energy Levels low, Ankle Swelling/Anaemia, Neuropathy. 2. Dialysis · AEIOU indications – "A"- intractable acidosis; "E"- electrolyte disarray ( K+, Na+, Ca++); "I" - intoxicants (methanol ethylene glycol, Li, ASA); "O"- intractable fluid overload; "U"- uraemic symptoms (nausea, seizure, pericarditis, bleeding) 3. AKI – Pre-renal/Renal/Post Renal, ABCD of AKI treatent (see AKI topic on the forum). DIPSTICK THE URINE – why? How would you investigate AKI? · ABG – see the acidosis · Bloods – FBC/U&E/Creatinine/Blood Cultures · Catheter to assess fluid balance · Dietary protein restriction + Dipstick the Urine · Electrolytes and ECG (look for high K+) · Ultrasound to exclude obstruction 4. AV fistula – what is this? Dilated veins with scars at the wrist? Bruit over the fistula. What are the different types of dialysis? What other options are used for ACUTE dialysis/CRRT needs? What is peritoneal dialysis? 5. Renal Osteodystrophy – osteoporosis, hyperparathyroidism, osteomalacia, osteosclerosis (rugger jersey spine). Could you talk about calcium metabolism (see electrolyte topic on forum + PDF).
1 Comment
5/1/2023 02:34:04 am
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